Free northern states like Illinois erected legal barriers to black settlement

Evidence

A stringent Black Code was enacted in 1819.90 By an Illinois statute of 1829, any “black or mulatto person” who wanted to settle in Illinois had to show the county court where he lived “a certificate of his or her freedom,” and had to post a $1,000 bond “conditioned that such person will not, at any time, become a charge to said county, or any other county of this state, as a poor person, and … shall … demean himself, or herself, in strict conformity with the laws of this state, that now are or hereafter may be enacted.” … An Illinois report, by the Senate Judiciary Committee, in 1847, refused to countenance any change in the state’s “black laws”: any such change would “invite an emigration of dilapidated negroes … by thousands,” which was unthinkable. — Lawrence M. Friedman, A History of American Law, 1268

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Free Northern states legally barred Black people from voting, juries, land, and residence — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project: A New American Origin…, 1265; Northern free states stripped Black voting rights even as they abolished slavery — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project: A New American Origin…, 708; Northern emancipation laws preserved racial discrimination and racist ideas — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning: The…, 316

Broader Connections

• Free Northern states legally barred Black people from voting, juries, land, and residence #corroborates (1.00) — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 1265
• Northern free states stripped Black voting rights even as they abolished slavery #corroborates (0.90) — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 708
• Northern emancipation laws preserved racial discrimination and racist ideas #expands (0.85) — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 316