Exile and financial insecurity destabilized every Institute staff member

Evidence

The problems of exile, real or imagined financial difficulties, and the patriarchal conduct and indecisiveness of the Institute’s directors, together with Horkheimer’s need for security, produced an unpredictable jumble of insecurities from which none of the members of its staff was spared. In 1939 Horkheimer told Benjamin that `in spite of our efforts, it is possible that the day may come in the not too distant future when we will have to inform you that, with the best will in the world, we are not in a position to renew your research contract.’ In the spring of 1939, Pollock told Fromm that from that October the Institute would no longer be able to pay his salary ($330 per month). — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1091

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the broader pattern of the Frankfurt School’s precarious institutional existence during American exile discussed throughout this book. — connects to: Institute funding insecurity reached every staff member including Benjamin and Fromm by 1939; Exile intensified hierarchy and dependency within the Institute. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 589; Salaried Institute intellectuals like Marcuse faced income insecurity even in exile — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1227 (+8 more)

Broader Connections

• Salaried Institute intellectuals like Marcuse faced income insecurity even in exile #exemplifies (0.92) — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1227
• Institutional disintegration resulted partly from the scattering of exiled scholars #expands (0.85) — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1029
• Financial insecurity of the Institute pushed Neumann away from it toward secure state work #exemplifies (0.85) — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1225
• Immigration insecurity shaped even the Institute’s published word choices #expands (0.82) — Martin Jay, The Dialectical Imagination, 615