Even ingroup members are seen more stereotypically than their self-reports justify.

Evidence

Focusing on perceived stereotypic discrepancies, both target groups were seen more stereotypically by all participants than they self-described. Thus all participants viewed the groups as more different than in fact their self-ratings revealed them to be. This difference was especially true on the part of African American participants, who particularly overestimated the stereotypicality of both target groups. Interestingly, this overestimation did not depend on target group: both the ingroup and the outgroup were seen more stereotypically than the criterion suggested they ought to be. When attribute valence was taken into account, perceivers tended to overestimate negatively valenced attributes and underestimate positively valenced ones (relative to self-reports). This tendency was particularly strong in the perceptions of the white target group and particularly when judged by African American participants. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 880 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

For all target groups, participants overestimated the degree to which there were stereotypic differences between them. Additionally, as in the dataset involving majors, the tendency to overestimate stereotypicality was more true for outgroup perceptions than ingroup ones. Interestingly, while the general tendency to overestimate stereotypicality decreased over time, for both the ingroup and the outgroup targets, the outgroup–ingroup difference in stereotype exaggeration did not diminish over time. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 886 (#complicates, via linked claim)

In particular, prejudiced perceivers may tend to overestimate the relative degree to which outgroups possess stereotypic attributes and underestimate the extent to which they manifest within-group variability. Such a bias would be consistent with the welldocumented tendency towards outgroup homogeneity (Park & Judd, 1990; Park & Rothbart, 1982): perceiving the outgroup to be more stereotypic and less dispersed than the ingroup. — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 864 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: People see outgroups as all alike but ingroups as varied; Perceivers exaggerate stereotypical group differences beyond what self-reports justify. — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 880; Stereotyping occurs even without personal stake in the groups judged — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 2921 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• Perceivers exaggerate stereotypical group differences beyond what self-reports justify. #corroborates (0.95) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 880
• People exaggerate real group differences more for outgroups than ingroups #complicates (0.82) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 886
• Prejudiced perceivers see outgroups as more homogeneous and more stereotypic than ingroups #complicates (0.80) — John F. Dovidio, Peter Glick, Laurie A. Rudman, On the Nature of Prejudice, 864
• People see outgroups as all alike but ingroups as varied #complicates (0.75)