Europeans once considered the Ottomans ethnically European

Evidence

The new Muslim enemy was now seen as part of Europe rather than as an outsider. The threat it posed to its neighbors was seen not as a religious one; rather, it was the threat represented by a powerful, arguably the most powerful, European state. Indeed, the Turks were by and large considered to be ethnically European. One theory suggested that they were, like the French and the Italians, descendants of the Trojans. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 78

Categorization

• XREF: Contrasts directly against today’s racialized framing of Muslims as non-European outsiders — useful counterpoint for the reader’s project on the constructed nature of Islamophobia. — connects to: Sixteenth-century voyages expanded physical but not cultural horizons of Europeans; Ottomans were seen as a political threat rather than a religious one — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 76; Islamophobia rests on a false notion of European ethnic purity — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 731 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• European racialism originated in intra-European caste ordering, not color #corroborates (0.70)
• European racism predates African enslavement and originated as intra-European domination #corroborates (0.60)
• Islamophobia rests on a false notion of European ethnic purity #corroborates (0.50) — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 731
• Ottomans were seen as a political threat rather than a religious one #complicates (0.40) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 76
• Three-quarters of colonial-era classified Europeans had partial native origin #expands (0.40) — Ann Laura Stoler, Along the Archival Grain_ Epistemic…, 896