Ethnocentrism means rigidly accepting the culturally alike and rejecting the culturally unlike

Evidence

Levine and Campbell (1972) identified 23 facets of culture that differentiate attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors toward the in-group from those directed toward out-groups. Based on Sumner’s observations, they derived a list of characteristics of the ethnocentrism syndrome, including viewing “us” as virtuous and superior, “them” as immoral and inferior; viewing “us” as peace-loving and cooperative, “them” as treacherous and untrustworthy; loyalty, respect, and obedience toward in-group authority, contempt for out-group authority; and differential sanctions for acts of aggression toward in-group versus out-group members. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 2473 (#expands, via linked claim)

Discourses of moral exclusion need not make explicit claims to ‘nature’ or biological differences; they can instead be based on a discourse of cultural differences and cultural propensities. What some discourse researchers have called ‘culture as mentality’ (Verkuyten, 1997 ) or ‘culture as lifestyle’ (Augoustinos et al ., 1999 ) is used to account for behaviours that deviate from normative cultural expectations. Disposition formulations are a way of ‘fi xing’ cultural differences and propensities in the moral character of Roma. — Cristian Tileagă, The Nature of Prejudice, 577 (#complicates, via linked claim)

But even this may not be enough, since the recognition and incorporation of ethnic and cultural differences, even when allied to a critique of wider power relations, and the civic realm, does not necessarily resolve or redress the problem of essentialism. Indeed, the problem may be compounded, since an emphasis on distinctive ethnic and/or cultural boundaries may lead in turn to a further (unhelpful) implication of ethnic and/or cultural houndedness. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 949 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Ethnocentrism has a systematic syndrome of in-group versus out-group attitudes — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 2473; Ethnocentrism can coexist with indifference, not hostility, toward out-groups — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 1399; Sumner coined ethnocentrism to explain rigid in-group preference — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 454 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• Ethnocentrism has a systematic syndrome of in-group versus out-group attitudes #expands (0.92) — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 2473
• Cultural-difference discourse naturalizes exclusion without requiring claims of biological inferiority. #complicates (0.76) — Cristian Tileagă, The Nature of Prejudice, 577
• Acknowledging cultural difference can compound rather than resolve essentialism by implying boundedness #complicates (0.73) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 949