Ethnocentrism has a systematic syndrome of in-group versus out-group attitudes

Evidence

Levine and Campbell (1972) identified 23 facets of culture that differentiate attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors toward the in-group from those directed toward out-groups. Based on Sumner’s observations, they derived a list of characteristics of the ethnocentrism syndrome, including viewing “us” as virtuous and superior, “them” as immoral and inferior; viewing “us” as peace-loving and cooperative, “them” as treacherous and untrustworthy; loyalty, respect, and obedience toward in-group authority, contempt for out-group authority; and differential sanctions for acts of aggression toward in-group versus out-group members. — Roderick M. Kramer, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Robert W. Livingston, Social Cognition, Social Identity, and…, 2473

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the ethnocentrism syndrome as a structured set of facets, not just a vague bias.
• XREF: Connects to in-group/out-group bias research and social identity theory in social psychology. — connects to: Ethnonationalism frames politics as ingroup versus outgroup needing exclusion. — Erin K. Jenne and Promise Frank Ejiofor, Ethnopopulism and genocidal…, 11