Establishing disparate impact requires comparing affected groups rather than proving individual disadvantage

Evidence

Without this evidence EEOC proved only that the employee was disadvantaged because he had PFB, not that he was disadvantaged because he was black. — Ruggero J. Aldisert, Agatha D. Aldisert, Logic for Lawyers- A Guide to Clear…, 235

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Ruggero J. Aldisert, Agatha D. Aldisert, Logic for Lawyers- A Guide to Clear…, 235
• XREF: connects to: Framing discrimination as individual hate obscures its structural and policy-based causes — Evelyn Alsultany, Antisemitism and Islamophobia The…, 34; The sample design could separate race-based from religion-based discrimination experiences; Disparate-racial-impact showings can be defeated by comparing alternative routes’ impacts — Luke W. Cole and Sheila R. Foster, From the Ground Up: Environmental…, 1127