Desegregation replaced liberatory Black schooling with obedience-based knowledge transmission

Evidence

BY THE TIME Biggie Small’s “Juicy” was released in 1994, a growing number of academics was accepting the truth that “intelligence” was so transient, so multifaceted, so relative, that no one could accurately measure it without being biased in some form or fashion. And these revelations were threatening the very foundation of racist ideas in education (as well as sexist and elitist ideas in education). These revelations were endangering the racist perceptions of the historically White schools and colleges as the most intelligent atmospheres; the contrived achievement gap (and actual funding gap); the privileged pipelines for Whites into the best-funded schools, colleges, jobs, and economic lives; and the standardized testing that kept those pipelines mostly White. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 1134 (#expands, via linked claim)

Disruption likewise resides in the insistence on a set of conditions to keep people socially, economically, recreationally, sexually apart – to restrict intercourse in every sense of the term – in a set of social affairs that persistently throws them together subject to constraining rules of what can or cannot be done together. That orders taboos and rules of regulation, prohibitions and permissions, that insists through the sociality of the skin on keeping people in awkward ways and degrees disengaged from each other, both within and across states. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1829 (#qualifies, via linked claim)

Sitting in that class each day, I felt as if I had spent my entire life struggling to breathe and someone had finally provided me with oxygen. I feel a pang of embarrassment now when I recall my surprise that so many books existed about Black people and by Black people, that Black people had so much history that could be learned. I felt at once angry and empowered, and these dueling emotions drove an appetite for learning Black American history that has never left me. — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 22 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Segregated Black schooling itself enacted a revolutionary anticolonial pedagogy — bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as…, 11; Desegregation displaced the integration burden onto Black students while apartheid persisted inside white schools — bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as…, 62; hooks’ core distinction is education-as-freedom versus education-as-domination — bell hooks, Teaching to Transgress: Education as…, 16 (+5 more)

Related

• Desegregation displaced the integration burden onto Black students while apartheid persisted inside white schools (similarity 0.86)
• Doubting the measurability of intelligence threatened white educational privilege and its machinery (similarity 0.82)
• Segregation theory replaced slavery theory as the mechanism blamed for Black disparities (similarity 0.80)
• Learning Black history generates anger and empowerment together (similarity 0.79)
• Formal school integration left segregated social worlds where black children remained tenuous guests. (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Doubting the measurability of intelligence threatened white educational privilege and its machinery #expands (0.78) — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 1134
• Forced proximity under rules of separation sustains racial disengagement without contact being absent #qualifies (0.75) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1829
• Segregation theory replaced slavery theory as the mechanism blamed for Black disparities #qualifies (0.72) — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 926
• Learning Black history generates anger and empowerment together #exemplifies (0.72) — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 22