Demonstrations and national general strikes replaced turnouts in Belgian contention.

Evidence

Between the political reforms of 1848 and the 1890s, the character of Belgian contention, as registered in Deneckere’s catalog, altered considerably. Turnouts practically disappeared, for example, as demonstrations and large-firm strikes became much more frequent and prominent. In the 1890s, regionally and nationally coordinated general strikes emerged as major forms of contentious action. During the later decades of the nineteenth century, Deneckere’s catalog also reveals a significant shift toward the demonstration as a site of public claim-making. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1206

Categorization

• XREF: Concrete instance of repertoire change that could test how regime democratization shifted contention forms. Tilly’s framework question here. — connects to: National-scale claims replaced local ones as Belgian workers adopted general strikes. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1210; In Belgium, street protest and parliamentary politics grew mutually dependent after 1848 — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1212; Demonstrations detached from social movements and diffused into nondemocratic regimes — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1232 (+3 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1206

Broader Connections

• Organized workers replaced petition delegations with autonomous demonstrations. #expands (0.90) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1209
• In Belgium, street protest and parliamentary politics grew mutually dependent after 1848 #expands (0.85) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1212
• Changes in demonstration form reflect deeper shifts in social movement politics #expands (0.82) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1231
• Demonstrations detached from social movements and diffused into nondemocratic regimes #expands (0.80) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1232
• Legalizing demonstrations made claim-making less violent but more frequent #qualifies (0.78) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1326