Decisions made under time pressure compound stress from feared retrospective judgment
Evidence
There is also a degree of stress in the limited extent to which street-level bureaucrats feel themselves under scrutiny by authorities or others whose negative evaluations might be harmful. This is illustrated well in the testimony of George Kirkham, a law school professor who undertook to prepare for and experience the police role. Kirkham draws attention here to the interaction between feelings of pressure and the haste with which decisions have to be made. … As a police officer, … I found myself forced to make the most critical choices in a time frame of seconds rather than days: to shoot or not to shoot, to arrest or not to arrest, to give chase or to let g~always with a nagging certainty that others, those with great amounts of time in which to analyze and think, stood ready to judge and condemn me for whatever action I might take or fail to take … — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, 271
Categorization
- XREF: connects to: Fear, stress, fatigue, and ambiguity erode officers’ bias-override capacity — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 409; Bias-override interventions beat bias reduction for urgent decision contexts — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 1391; Implicit bias surfaces strongest under time pressure but is consciously overridden with adequate time
Broader Connections
- Implicit bias surfaces strongest under time pressure but is consciously overridden with adequate time
#corroborates(0.80) - Fear, stress, fatigue, and ambiguity erode officers’ bias-override capacity
#corroborates(0.78) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 409 - Bias-override interventions beat bias reduction for urgent decision contexts
#corroborates(0.72) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 1391