Crusade and jihad shared core doctrinal assumptions about religious tolerance and authority

Evidence

The doctrines of Crusade and jihad here approximate, first, in the willingness to tolerate people of an alien religion only as subjects (though their status within Christendom in theory and practice was less safe than in Islam); in the direction of holy war against all kinds of rebels and dissenters; and in the insistence on duly constituted authority for waging war. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 1823

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s existing notes on holy war being a Western tradition, not originally Islamic. — connects to: Crusade and jihad converged on tolerating alien religions only as subjects.
• DEFINE: Defines how Crusade and jihad doctrines approximate each other across three specific dimensions.