Courts recognized racially discriminatory jury strikes as constitutional violations

Evidence

Building upon Batson, the court in Miller-El v. Dretke (2005) held that prosecutors had violated the Fourteenth Amendment by discriminating against Black venire members and barring Black jurors from serving on juries. — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 885

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 885
• XREF: connects to: Washington v. Davis made discriminatory intent a prerequisite for equal-protection race claims. — Luke W. Cole and Sheila R. Foster, From the Ground Up: Environmental…, 1038