Court-ordered desegregation faced little resistance in border and Northern states.

Evidence

Legally mandated desegregation was dismantled without much controversy or resistance in the Northern and border states. In Topeka, Kansas, where Brown originated, a desegregation plan was introduced in 1955 that assigned all students to their neighborhood schools. In Washington, D.C., the school board prepared a desegregation plan even before Bolling v. Sharpe was decided and adopted the plan only 8 days after the decision. By 1961, more than half the black students in the border states were attending school with whites, and this proportion increased in succeeding years. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 2980

Categorization

• XREF: Contrasts sharply with the Southern defiance documented in the next paragraph and in standard accounts of massive resistance.