Collective victims pursue escalating acknowledgment from perpetrators across four ordered levels.

Evidence

Twali et al. (2020) proposed a hierarchy of four acknowledgment needs: factual acknowledgment (recognition that collective victimization occurred), empathic acknowledgment (validation of the victim group’s suffering), acknowledgment of responsibility for harmdoing by the perpetrator group, and the internalization of a negative identity (when the transgression becomes an integral part of the historical perpetrator group’s identity). — Nurit Shnabel and Johannes Ullrich, Identity Needs in Intergroup Relations, 66

Categorization

• DEFINE: Useful hierarchy of acknowledgment needs worth preserving as a distinct model distinct from the needs-based account; the ordering moves from facts to empathic validation to responsibility to identity internalization.
• XREF: connects to: People who harm others escalate the severity of harm they inflict — Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds.), Understanding Genocide: The Social…, 127

Broader Connections

• People who harm others escalate the severity of harm they inflict #expands (0.74) — Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds.), Understanding Genocide, 127