Christian zealots framed Islam as a heretical Christian deviation and collaborators as devil-worshippers

Evidence

For Alvarus, these assimilated churchmen were errant sheepdogs who refused to bark against the ravenous wolves, the Chaldean followers of Antichrist. In defending the actions of the Cordovan martyrs, Eulogius and Alvarus branded Muhammad as a heresiarch and false prophet, Islam as a heretical deviation of Christianity. Passive acceptance of dhimmi status was anathema; those Christians who participated in the life of the Chaldean court were consorts of the devil. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 580

Categorization

• XREF: Supplies the specific medieval origination of the heresy frame the vault traces in Anidjar’s account of Islam as Christian heresy turned enemy within.
• SHARE: The ‘sheepdogs refusing to bark against ravenous wolves’ framing is precisely the policing-of-conscience register that a colleague working on Eulogius would enjoy, paired with the Antichrist gloss at 575.