Christian writers repeatedly collapsed Jews and Arabs into one category

Evidence

Jews and Arabs-the latter serving here as the archival depository of multifarious terms such as “Saracens,” “Mohammedans,” “Muslims,” ”Agarenes,” “Ishmaelites,” “pagans,” and later even “Turks”-were repeatedly associated, lumped, and even collapsed together. — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 212

Categorization

• XREF: The term-set (Saracens, Mohammedans, Agarenes, Ishmaelites) is what current scholarship calls proto-Islamophobia’s vocabulary — the bridge thesis evidence.