British-protected Somali only learned of the 1897 treaty when the 1934 boundary commission arrived

Evidence

Thus 1897 saw the definition of the British Somali sphere in relation to Ethiopia. But it was not until 1934, when an Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission attempted to demarcate the boundary, that British-protected Somali became aware of what had happened, and expressed their sense of outrage in disturbances which cost one of the commissioners his life. This long period of ignorance, far from indicating acquiescence, was facilitated by the many years which elapsed before Ethiopia established any semblance of effective administrative control in the Haud and Ogaden. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 192 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Only one proviso, of a nominal rather than substantive nature, was attached. This was that while the British government did not consider it necessary to have a written agreement abrogating the 1884 and 1886 Anglo-Somali treaties, it desired that clan headmen and traditional leaders should publicly demonstrate their acceptance of the decision to grant independence. … What is of particular interest here is that the British government should have felt it appropriate and necessary to make this stipulation: earlier British governments had shown little scruple in acting unilaterally against the intention and content of these same treaties. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 420 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

The eventual effect, of course, clearly envisaged by Rodd and his government of this unilateral withdrawal or curtailment of protection by Britain, was to place the Somali clansmen concerned in a position in which they would not be able to maintain their independence from Ethiopia. It was merely a matter of time before Ethiopia followed up her spasmodic thrusts and transformed her infiltration among the Somali into a definite occupation. This contingency was clearly provided for in the third annex to the treaty which stipulated that the clans on each side of the new British Protectorate frontier should have access to the grazing areas and ‘nearer wells’ both within and outside the British sphere; during such migratory movements they were to be under the jurisdiction of the appropriate territorial authority. However, Rodd and the other British officials concerned thought that the Ethiopians would be slow to take advantage of what they had in effect already gained; it was considered that in practice things would continue much as they were with the Haud remaining as a sort of buffer zone used by the British clans only temporarily for grazing. The effects of the gradual adoption of agriculture by the western Somali clans were not envisaged, for this process had hardly yet started. A more serious objection which might more reasonably have been anticipated was the effect of the centuries’ old trend of population movement away from the highly eroded north towards the centre and Haud. This gradual drift of population was to bring increasing numbers of British protected Somali into what was now effectively the Ethiopian sphere. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 189 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Somali clans only learned of the 1897 land surrender in 1934.; Britain’s 1897 withdrawal knowingly doomed the Somali clans’ independence.; Long-run southward Somali migration funnelled protected clans into Ethiopia’s sphere. (+5 more)

Related

• Somali clans only learned of the 1897 land surrender in 1934. (similarity 0.92)
• Britain’s 1897 withdrawal knowingly doomed the Somali clans’ independence. (similarity 0.92)
• Somali clans remained ignorant of the 1897 partition until 1934 (similarity 0.92)
• Britain ceded 67,000 square miles of the Haud to Ethiopia in 1897 (similarity 0.87)
• Britain’s 1897 withdrawal of protection exposed Somali clansmen to Ethiopian occupation (similarity 0.87)
• Frontier demarcation with Ethiopia first revealed Britain’s withdrawal of protection (similarity 0.85)
• Britain’s nominal treaty stipulation masked its earlier unilateral record in Somaliland. (similarity 0.85)
• Menelik’s 1891 circular asserted Ethiopian sovereignty over Somali clans (similarity 0.85)
• Britain in 1897 nearly abandoned its Somaliland protectorate (similarity 0.85)
• Britain’s treaty let Ethiopian claims lapse without recognizing its sovereignty. (similarity 0.85)
• British miscalculation ignored population drift that pushed protected Somali into Ethiopia’s sphere (similarity 0.84)
• Long-run southward Somali migration funnelled protected clans into Ethiopia’s sphere. (similarity 0.84)
• Somaliland refused to inherit the 1897 treaty ceding the Haud to Ethiopia. (similarity 0.83)
• British protectorate treaties covered specific northern Somali clans but not the Dulbahante. (similarity 0.82)
• Britain surrendered Haud grazing lands to Ethiopia without consulting Somali subjects (similarity 0.81)

Broader Connections

• Somali clans remained ignorant of the 1897 partition until 1934 #corroborates (0.95) — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 192
• Britain’s nominal treaty stipulation masked its earlier unilateral record in Somaliland. #corroborates (0.70) — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 420
• Britain’s 1897 withdrawal of protection exposed Somali clansmen to Ethiopian occupation #expands (0.60) — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 189