Black labor exploitation continued past emancipation through colonial and wage regimes

Evidence

This trade, this movement of Black workers, though, did not end with slavery’s legal termination in the nineteenth century. Leopold’s Congo, Harry Johnston’s Central Africa, Cecil Rhodes’s southern Africa, Lugard’s West Africa, Portuguese Africa, and French Africa as well as the New World’s slave descendants all contributed to the further development of the capitalist world system. As peasants, as tenant farmers, as migrant laborers, as day laborers, as domestic servants, and as wage labor, their expropriation extended into the present century. Even in the destruction of the means of production, the wars that Marx and Engels had stipulated as inevitable in capitalism, Black labor was pressed into service. They were exempt from no aspect of exploitation. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 601

Categorization

• XREF: Directly relevant to the reader’s stated arc — this marks the extension of the slave trade’s logic into twentieth-century colonial capitalism, a bridge between origin and contemporary downfall. — connects to: Wage regulation helped create apartheid’s industrial color bar — Philip Mirowski & Dieter Plehwe (eds.), The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making…, 1368; Wilderness conservation areas were built and maintained by coerced black labor — Rob Nixon, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism…, 1236