Black immigrants receive the badges and incidents of slavery.

Evidence

Immigrants and native-born black Americans would be treated alike, because black immigrants are not treated like white Americans. They have been subjected to white supremacy just like black Americans who descended from enslaved Africans. Just ask the surviving family members of the late Amadou Diallo, a Guinean immigrant. On February 4, 1999, he was “mowed down in a hail of NYPD bullets” outside his apartment building. As a result, I argue that black immigrants deserve reparations because they’ve been tagged with the badges and incidents of slavery. They live here and experience what it means to be black in America. — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 547

Categorization

• XREF: The phrase ‘badges and incidents of slavery’ echoes the Civil Rights Cases and 13th Amendment jurisprudence — a legal hook for the whole argument.