Australian statutes list allied race concepts without defining their relationship to ‘race’.

Evidence

As in other common law jurisdictions, the meaning of ‘race’ has not been defined clearly in Australian law. The statutes only refer to what Rees, Rice, and Allen (2018) describe as ‘cognate’ or ‘allied concepts’ (231) such as colour, descent, ethnic origin and national origin, which are either listed alongside race or said to be ‘included’ in ‘race’. Since 1994, the NSW legislation additionally lists ‘ethno-religious origin’, a term also used in Tasmania. However, none of these terms is further defined. Moreover, the relationship between ‘race’ and these ‘cognate’ or ‘allied’ concepts is unclear, and there is little guidance on whether they overlap with race or are distinct from it or whether ‘race’ acts as an ‘umbrella term’ encompassing all other terms (Rees, Rice, and Allen 2018, 232). — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 28

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Race as a legal category is left undefined in statutes. — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 15; States can assert racial projects without ever naming race explicitly — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1718; NSW law denied Muslims race protection absent linkage to a specific ethnic origin — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 50 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Racial identity has multiple dimensions that statutes fail to specify #expands (0.90) — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 70
• NSW law denied Muslims race protection absent linkage to a specific ethnic origin #exemplifies (0.88) — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 50
• Courts deny Muslims racial discrimination protection because ‘race’ is ill-defined in law. #expands (0.85) — Mareike Riedel, Islamophobia, Racial Discrimination…, 11
• States can assert racial projects without ever naming race explicitly #expands (0.72) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1718
• Race is legislated directly while nation is not #qualifies (0.72) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1715