Augustine defines past and future as present memory and expectation

Evidence

The only way Augustine can find to avoid these contradictions is to say that past and future can only be thought of as present: ‘past’ must be identified with memory, and ‘future’ with expectation, memory and expectation being both present facts. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1391

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1391
• XREF: connects to: Augustine anticipated both Descartes cogito and Kant time theories — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1394; Lived life always experiences the present as stretched with past and future — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 803; Life alone realizes time by transcending the present in both directions — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 808 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Life alone realizes time by transcending the present in both directions #expands (0.82) — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 808