Arab Americans’ racial exclusion from whiteness tracks the rise of US global empire

Evidence

Cainkar states that “once marginally white, and thus structurally privileged even if ideologically impugned, Arab Americans became racially excluded from whiteness in a later-emerging US American project: global US empire.” Naber traces the journey of Arab Americans from “model minority” to “problem minority.” Moreover, they have also argued that US support of Israel’s settler colonial project plays an important role in how Arab Americans are treated inside the United States. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 248

Categorization

• XREF: Directly answers the reader’s MOC question: names the causal mechanism (US empire’s global reach + Israel’s settler-colonial project) that flipped Arab Americans’ earlier whiteness. Quotes the precise scholarly claim. — connects to: US anti-Muslim racism emerged only with America’s imperial power in the Middle East; US imperial wars abroad drive the racial exclusion of Arab Americans at home. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 236; US empire excluded Arab Americans from their prior marginal whiteness (+9 more)
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 248

Broader Connections

• US empire excluded Arab Americans from their prior marginal whiteness #expands (0.85)
• Arab American political inclusion was purchased as geopolitics demanded #corroborates (0.85) — Carl W. Ernst, Islamophobia in America_ The Anatomy of…, 688
• US empire-building abroad drives anti-Muslim racism domestically #corroborates (0.82) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 1072
• Arabs achieved economic success yet still lost whiteness through foreign-policy racialization #expands (0.80) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 130
• US imperialism abroad and domestic counterterrorism form one interconnected racial system #corroborates (0.80) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 22
• American imperialism, Orientalism, coercive assimilation, and White supremacy jointly produce racialized Muslim categories #expands (0.78) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 80
• Categorical whiteness excludes Arabs and Muslims from the benefits of racial remedy in America #expands (0.75)
• The global racial system shaped Muslims’ place in the U.S. #corroborates (0.75) — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 98
• Muslim identity ejects Arab Americans from legal whiteness and its social benefits. #expands (0.72) — Saher Selod, Forever Suspect_ Racialized…, 473