Any sound can function as noise depending on the listener

Evidence

Noise can be defined as sound that is disturbing or annoying. In principle, this subjective definition does not exclude any sounds, since basically any sound can be disturbing depending on many listener-related factors. — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 2486

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines noise as a subjective listener-dependent category, not a physical property of sound.
• XREF: connects to: Noise is best defined contextually as any sound that obstructs intended communication — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology: Principles,…, 1241; Whether a natural sound counts as noise depends on the perceiving species — Almo Farina, Soundscape Ecology: Principles,…, 1242