Anti-colonial struggle blends three distinct forms of political warfare

Evidence

Thus India’s political struggle against the English (and to a certain extent that of Germany against France, or of Hungary against the Little Entente) knows three forms of war: war of movement, war of position, and underground warfare. Gandhi’s passive resistance is a war of position, which at certain moments becomes a war of movement, and at others underground warfare. Boycotts are a form of war of position, strikes of war of movement, the secret preparation of weapons and combat troops belongs to underground warfare. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 878

Categorization

• XREF: Gandhi’s passive resistance as war of position connects to later readings of nonviolent decolonization and how hegemony operates through consent rather than force.