Anti-colonial cultural criticism predates Orientalism in the colonized world

Evidence

And if one steps out of the Euro-American traditions, one is struck by the fact that neither the architecture of Orientalism nor the kind of knowledge the book generally represents has any room in it for criticisms of colonial cultural domination of the kind that have been available in Latin America and even India, on an expanding scale, since the late nineteenth century. In fact, it is one of the disagreeable surprises in Orientalism that it refuses to acknowledge that vast tradition, virtually as old as colonialism itself, which has existed in the colonized countries as well as among the metropolitan Left traditions, and has always been occupied, precisely, with drawing up an inventory of colonial traces in the minds of people on both sides of the colonial divide. — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory, 311

Categorization

  • XREF: Connects to debates about the politics of acknowledgement and genealogies of critique — echoes arguments about who gets credited in the Western academy, familiar from postcolonial studies discourse. — connects to: Anti-colonial cultural critique existed for a century before Orientalism yet Said ignored it — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures, 709; Anti-colonial movements disproved the mosque-state-fusion Orientalist stereotype