Anti-Catholicism in the 1910s was displaced anti-monopoly resentment, not doctrine.

Evidence

The new religious xenophobia in the years after 1910, while building on the historic identification of popery with tyranny, went significantly further. It frequently displayed a subdued but unmistakably progressive response to social problems; its principal spokesmen hinted that the Pope stood in the way of all soctal improvement; and there is reason to suspect that much of the energy behind the movement came from a displacement or distortion of anti-monopolistic sentiment. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 1059

Categorization

• SEED: Angle: an enemy is manufactured out of displaced grievance — the Pope becomes a stand-in for the trusts when direct class-targeting is blocked; directly supports reader’s manufactured-enemy thesis.
• XREF: connects to: Economic distress was redirected into anti-Catholic conspiracy rather than class conflict. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of…, 486