All contentious action reduces to identity, standing, or program claims

Evidence

Notice that participants in these tumultuous events are making three somewhat different sorts of claims. We can call them “identity,” “standing,” and “program” claims. Identity claims assert the presence of a substantial collective actor; further stories on the Peruvian hostage-taking make clear that the attackers represented a nationalist group demanding recognition of its stand against Alejandro Toledo’s alleged sellout of Peruvian interests to foreign powers. Standing claims say that we Xs not only exist, but occupy a certain position within the regime; Chile’s organized gays have already achieved some recognition of their existence, but they are also asserting their weight as major political actors protected by law. Program claims call for their objects to take an action, adopt a policy, or otherwise commit themselves to a change; among other things, Iraqi assassins call for the authorities to suspend national elections. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 222

Categorization

• DEFINE: Precise taxonomy of claim-types distinguishing identity from standing from program claims.
• XREF: Relevant to the reader’s asymmetry test: whether subordinate groups’ claims skew toward identity/standing while dominant groups voice program claims cast as rights defense. — connects to: Every act of contention joins program, identity, and standing claims. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 256; Identity, standing, and program claims move independently and can decouple — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1162; Contentious claims sort into identity, standing, and program, usually building in that order. — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 222
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 222

Broader Connections

• Every act of contention joins program, identity, and standing claims. #corroborates (0.92) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 256
• Contentious claims sort into identity, standing, and program, usually building in that order. #expands (0.88) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 222
• Identity, standing, and program claims move independently and can decouple #complicates (0.85) — Charles Tilly, Regimes and Repertoires, 1162