AfroLatinx students excluded from Latinx spaces find refuge in affirming Black counter spaces.

Evidence

When students did not feel welcome in certain spaces, mainly Latinx spaces, they found refuge in Black/African American spaces or community spaces led by other AfroLatinx individuals. Salas Pujols (2022) discusses counter spaces where conversations about Blackness were automatic and supportive. These spaces critiqued anti-Blackness and encouraged students to develop a critical consciousness. These spaces allowed Multiracial individuals to reflect on their racialized experiences and be more aware of their identity and positionality in the different dimensions of their lives. García-Louis and Cortes (2023) speak about how some students choose other aspects of their identity or “subculture,” such as centering other immigrant friends or those with similar interests and ideals. These affirming microsystems allowed students to affirm their ERI while offering positive experiences that countered the negative messages from family and school peers that rejected their Blackness. — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 112

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s question about when protective-solidarity homogenization backfires: Latinx spaces’ anti-Blackness pushes out heterogeneous members toward other affinity groups. — connects to: Latinx communities’ anti-Blackness makes AfroLatinx members feel inferior and unwanted. — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 110; Latino and Black identities can supplement rather than replace each other — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2508; Black institutions provide free spaces essential for building civic capacity — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black: How Race Still…, 347 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• Black institutions provide free spaces essential for building civic capacity #expands (0.90) — Eddie S. Glaude Jr., Democracy in Black, 347
• Latinidad and Blackness are socially constructed as mutually exclusive #expands (0.84) — Tatiana I. Zamora and Amado M. Padilla, Making sense of conflicting messages of…, 115
• Latino and Black identities can supplement rather than replace each other #expands (0.82) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2508
• Racial discourse actively produces exclusion, not just retroactive justification #expands (0.75) — David Theo Goldberg, The Racial State, 24