A shared external reference point unifies otherwise isolated elements into a group

Evidence

It should be noted that not only the equal, but often precisely the unequal, relation of the subordinates to the dominating head gives solidity to the social form characterized by subordination under one individual. The varying distance or closeness to the leader creates a differentiation which is not less firm and articulate because the internal aspect of these relations to him often is jealousy, repulsion, or haughtiness. The social level of the individual Indian caste is determined by its relation to the Brahman. — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 332 (#exemplifies, via linked claim)

In a game that has absolutely no details but its mathematical structure, in which no inadvertent contextual matter can make itself appreciated by a player as something that the other can appreciate too, there may be nothing to work on but a continuum of numbers. And all the numbers can be sorted according to whether they correspond to symmetrical or asymmetrical divisions. If all numbers but one represent an asymmetrical split, then sheer mathematical symmetry is a sufficient rule and a supremely helpful one in concerting on a common choice. — Thomas C. Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict, 658 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Pure symmetry can single out a unique tacit-coordination point — Thomas C. Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict, 658; Unequal distance to a common head rigidly differentiates subordinates — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 332; Groups first form against an external threat, then transfer their unity onto an object — Fredric Jameson, Marxism and Form, 506 (+2 more)

Related

• Unequal distance to a common head rigidly differentiates subordinates (similarity 0.83)
• Pure symmetry can single out a unique tacit-coordination point (similarity 0.79)
• Order inside groups mirrors the same mutual-restraint mechanism as between groups (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Unequal distance to a common head rigidly differentiates subordinates #exemplifies (0.75) — Georg Simmel, on individuality and social forms_…, 332
• Pure symmetry can single out a unique tacit-coordination point #corroborates (0.72) — Thomas C. Schelling, The Strategy of Conflict, 658