A chorus can have definite pitch even when every singer is slightly off pitch

Evidence

In each case, the highest common factor of the components is f0. This method also provides a basis for understanding how a pitch is perceived for non-harmonic sounds, such as bells or chime bars, whose components are not exact harmonics (integer multipliers) of the resulting f0. — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 864 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Perfect intervals alone can drift a singer a quarter-semitone off pitch.; A convincing chorus emerges from 5 to 10 slightly pitch-shifted copies; Clear musical pitch arises from regularly repeating acoustic waveforms (+4 more)

Related

• Slight mistuning among voices fuses into a single pleasant tone (similarity 0.86)
• Off-pitch choral singers still yield a definite collective pitch (similarity 0.85)
• Adding a detuned copy of a voice makes it sound like a choir. (similarity 0.84)
• Slightly mistuned voices perceptually fuse into one pitched tone (similarity 0.82)
• Mistuned voices destroy phase predictability and broaden perceived pitch (similarity 0.81)
• Pitch perception depends on harmonics being integer multiples of the fundamental (similarity 0.81)
• A perceived pitch can exist with no partial at its own frequency. (similarity 0.81)
• Accentuating individual harmonics makes them perceptually break away as separate notes (similarity 0.81)
• A 34-cent tuning difference changes a chord’s identity and residue pitch (similarity 0.80)
• Perfectly synchronized voices are acoustically indistinguishable from one voice (similarity 0.80)
• Chord consonance is maximized when singers’ fundamentals are integer-related harmonics (similarity 0.80)
• A note needs a minimum cycle count to be heard as pitched (similarity 0.79)
• A convincing chorus emerges from 5 to 10 slightly pitch-shifted copies (similarity 0.79)
• Pitch perception derives from the highest common factor of sound components (similarity 0.78)
• Pitch is perceptual while frequency is acoustic, and not all sounds have pitch (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Slight mistuning among voices fuses into a single pleasant tone #corroborates (0.90)
• A convincing chorus emerges from 5 to 10 slightly pitch-shifted copies #corroborates (0.85)
• Pitch perception depends on harmonics being integer multiples of the fundamental #complicates (0.75) — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 864
• Clear musical pitch arises from regularly repeating acoustic waveforms #qualifies (0.70)
• Pitch of periodic sounds is determinable from the waveform’s cycle period #qualifies (0.70) — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 909