Worker noncompliance threats are structural because retraining workers is costly.

Evidence

In general, lower-level workers always possess minimal resources with which they can resist managers’ orientations or achieve a modicum of response from managers in exchange for compliance. If nothing else, since the costs of recruiting and training a worker are rarely trivial, there is always a degree of noncompliance that can be threatened or realized by workers. If it were otherwise, there would be no problem of management. — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, 216

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Worker noncompliance is a permanent lever against management because replacement costs are nontrivial; Industry blamed worker noncompliance instead of installing engineering controls — Albert Bandura, Moral Disengagement: How People Do Harm…, 1805

Broader Connections

• Worker noncompliance is a permanent lever against management because replacement costs are nontrivial #corroborates (0.95)
• Industry blamed worker noncompliance instead of installing engineering controls #expands (0.75) — Albert Bandura, Moral Disengagement, 1805