Women have been punished more through psychiatric institutions than prisons

Evidence

In seeking to understand this gendered difference in the perception of prisoners, it should be kept in mind that as the prison emerged and evolved as the major form of public punishment, women continued to be routinely subjected to forms of punishment that have not been acknowledged as such. For example, women have been incarcerated in psychiatric institutions in greater proportions than in prisons. — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 175

Categorization

• QUESTION: Worth chasing: the exact historical proportions and how psychiatric institutionalization operated as unacknowledged punishment for women.
• XREF: connects to: Deviant men are constructed as criminal while deviant women are constructed as insane. — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 176; Women who are punished are seen as more aberrant and threatening than men — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 174; Jails and prisons now hold more mentally ill people than mental institutions — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 285 (+3 more)

Related

• Women face unacknowledged state punishment outside formal prison (similarity 0.89)
• Women who are punished are seen as more aberrant and threatening than men (similarity 0.89)
• Deviant men are constructed as criminal while deviant women are constructed as insane. (similarity 0.87)
• Men’s prisons are gendered institutions, not the norm against which women’s prisons are judged (similarity 0.86)
• Ignoring women prisoners makes the operation of state punishment partly illegible (similarity 0.86)
• Sexual abuse operates as an institutionalized, unsanctioned dimension of women’s punishment. (similarity 0.85)
• Male prisons functioning as the punishment norm drives women’s conditions toward greater repression. (similarity 0.85)
• Formalistic equality with male prisons makes women’s prisons more repressive, not less. (similarity 0.82)
• Jails and prisons now hold more mentally ill people than mental institutions (similarity 0.81)
• Minor offenders were judged more vicious than major criminals by prison directors (similarity 0.79)
• Early prisons held mostly men because women lacked rights to lose (similarity 0.79)
• Imprisoning women who resist abusers cannot solve intimate violence (similarity 0.79)
• Punishments inflicted on women and slaves were systematically excluded from prison reformers’ agenda. (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• Women who are punished are seen as more aberrant and threatening than men #expands (0.55) — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 174
• Female criminals are seen as moral transgressors, not contract violators #expands (0.55)
• Jails and prisons now hold more mentally ill people than mental institutions #complicates (0.50) — Davis, Angela Y, Are Prisons Obsolete, 285
• Women face unacknowledged state punishment outside formal prison #expands (0.50)
• Harsh physical punishment alone predicts elevated odds of adult psychiatric disorders #corroborates (0.40) — , The Rod and the Child, 10219