White suffragists abandoned black allies to win southern ratification

Evidence

Southern states’ ratification of the 19th Amendment was conditional on their continued denial of black voting rights. Such black women activists as Ida B. Wells, Mary Church Terrell, and Anna Julia Cooper, as well as many lesserknown figures, fiercely denounced this as a betrayal. Of course, it reflected the pervasive white racism of the epoch (see Crenshaw 1991; Cooper 1998; Collins 2008 ; Davis 2011 [1983)). While race is a template for the subordination and oppression of different social groups, we emphasize that it is also a template for aconcept of racialization to emphasize how the phenomic, the corporeal dimension of human bodies, acquires meaning in social life. — Michael Omi, Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, 111

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the vault’s existing claims about the failures of first-wave feminism around race. — connects to: Black realtors withdrew from segregation pacts once whites’ circumvention dissolved reciprocal trust. — Kevin M. Kruse, White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of…, 159