White residential preference specifically avoids black neighbors even when class is controlled.

Evidence

White Americans—present-day, twenty-first-century white Americans—simply do not want to live next to too many blacks, even when they can get everything they want in a racially diverse neighborhood. It is specifically the presence of black people, not other racial or ethnic minorities, that brings out white Americans’ concerns. In one study, subjects were shown videos of different but actual neighborhoods with actors playing residents—all-white, all-black, and 60 percent white/40 percent black—and asked which they preferred. The videos controlled for social class, which meant amenities in the white neighborhoods were like the amenities in the other neighborhoods. White Americans still preferred the all-white neighborhoods. Black Americans, on the other hand, least preferred the all-white neighborhoods, and viewed the all-black and racially diverse neighborhoods similarly and preferred them. — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 1281

Categorization

• XREF: Key experimental evidence for the causal claim in 1280 and for the saturated-system harm architecture the reader must defend.