White buyers acquired interned Japanese Americans’ property through defaulted arrangements and never paid.

Evidence

Similarly, in Florin, California, Masaru Yamasaki’s family was forced to sell off their farm just before harvest time. “Negotiations were made through the Farm Security Administration [FSA] to then sell the crop and all farm equipment to a Caucasian,” Yamasaki stated. A white man named George Faris agreed to buy the farm for about $2,000 and took out a loan from the FSA to pay for it. Before the loan arrived, however, the family was called away to the Walerga Assembly Center. Faris returned the loan to the FSA and assumed ownership of the farm without payment. “To this day, my dad never received a penny from that particular sale,” Yamasaki said. — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 201

Categorization

• ADDENDUM: A concrete instance of wealth transfer from an excluded group to white beneficiaries via state-mediated channels — exactly the gain-holder mechanism Brown’s accounting framework needs to establish.