West German mass organizations contained internal forces that systematically restrained political action.

Evidence

But it was no longer a real movement. Even Habermas’s hopes for extra-parliamentary action by mass organizations now seemed exaggerated, an underestimation of the forces in favour of restraint that were at work within that type of organization. His expectations of action by sympathetic CDU professors within parliament seemed like an ironic attack on a democracy that used every available means to discourage political participation. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 580

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to Habermas’s later structural account of the public sphere and the CDU’s institutional discouragement of participation. — connects to: West German rearmament with nuclear weapons provoked mass strikes and huge protests — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 579; Nazi rule operated through bureaucratic authority extended to state and group organizations — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 975; Homogeneous closed communities preceded and intensified political radicalization into terrorism in West Germany. — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 4108 (+4 more)
• SEED: Angle: ‘The restraint machine — how organizations built to mobilize members instead quiet them.’
• yield-rescued: below the book’s yield-target cutoff, included anyway for connecting to: West German rearmament with nuclear weapons provoked mass strikes and huge protests — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 579; Nazi rule operated through bureaucratic authority extended to state and group organizations — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 975; Homogeneous closed communities preceded and intensified political radicalization into terrorism in West Germany. — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 4108 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• Homogeneous closed communities preceded and intensified political radicalization into terrorism in West Germany. #complicates (0.76) — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 4108
• Totalitarian organization sustains itself through endlessly repeated layers of escalating militancy #complicates (0.72) — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 859