Welfare bureaucracies materially advanced historically excluded groups before 1980

Evidence

From the 1930s through the 1970s, the liberal democratic state had offered a more or less robust set of institutional apparatuses concerned in principle at least to advance the welfare of its citizens. This was the period of advancing social security, welfare safety nets, various forms of national health system, the expansion of and investment in public education, including higher education, in some states to the exclusion of private and religiously sponsored educational institutions. It saw the emergence of state bureaucracies as major employers especially in later years of historically excluded groups. And all this, in turn, offered optimism among a growing proportion of the populace for access to middle-class amenities, including those previously racially excluded within the state and new immigrants from the global south. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1740

Categorization

• XREF: Provides the baseline against which the reader’s threatened-privilege mechanism claims a post-1970s reversal operated. — connects to: The mid-twentieth-century welfare state extended middle-class access to the previously excluded — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 1740; Emphasis on merit and racelessness accompanied shifts away from the welfare state — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race: Reflections on…, 1739; Postwar welfare expansion served to pacify potentially rebellious displaced groups. — Manuel Borutta and Jan C. Jansen, Vertriebene and Pieds-Noirs in Postwar…, 39

Broader Connections

• The mid-twentieth-century welfare state extended middle-class access to the previously excluded #corroborates (0.85) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1740
• Emphasis on merit and racelessness accompanied shifts away from the welfare state #qualifies (0.72) — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1739