Voter initiatives countered Grutter while the ruling still guides other states

Evidence

In 1996, voters in California approved Proposition 209, which prohibited affirmative action in admissions. And after the Supreme Court in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) upheld an admissions program at the University of Michigan Law School that took race into account, Michigan voters adopted a similar initiative outlawing the use of race in admissions. Yet for states that have not followed the lead of California and Michigan, Grutter continues to provide guidance for the design of affirmative action programs. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 668

Categorization

• XREF: Ties to equal-protection and affirmative action case law central to the constitutional values portion of the course. — connects to: State constitutions can be amended by voter initiative to legalize activity still barred federally. — Lawrence M. Friedman and Grant M. Hayden, American Law: An Introduction, 956; Voters can overturn a state supreme court’s constitutional ruling by amendment. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 3356; Voters cast ballots against affirmative action while still favoring relaxed versions of it — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2021

Broader Connections

• Voters can overturn a state supreme court’s constitutional ruling by amendment. #exemplifies (0.82) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 3356
• State constitutions can be amended by voter initiative to legalize activity still barred federally. #expands (0.78) — Lawrence M. Friedman and Grant M. Hayden, American Law, 956
• Voters cast ballots against affirmative action while still favoring relaxed versions of it #qualifies (0.72) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 2021