Virtuous fear is internal to pious acts, not merely their motivation.

Evidence

Another crucial space for the inculcation and realization of virtuous fear is the ritual act of prayer (�alat) , and, as I mentioned earlier, weeping in prayer is an expression of virtuous fear as much as a means of its acquisition. Fear is, there.. fore, not only something that motivates one to pray but is also a necessary as.. pect of the act itself, an “adverbial virtue” that imparts to the act of prayer the specifi quality through which it becomes consummate. — Saba Mahmood, Politics of Piety, 1003

Categorization

• DEFINE: Introduces the notion of an ‘adverbial virtue’ — a virtue that qualifies the character of an act rather than merely motivating it, reshaping how virtue and emotion relate.