Violent religious school conflicts drove secular public schools.

Evidence

The conflict took a violent turn in Philadelphia in 1844, when Protestants and Catholics hit the streets for two separate weeks of rioting; when it was over, at least twenty-five residents of the City of Brotherly Love were dead. This episode and others persuaded much of the American public of the inequity and unsustainability of public school–sponsored religion in a diverse society. — Katherine Stewart, The Power Worshippers, 522

Categorization

• ADDENDUM: Relevant to the ‘Complaints About Immodesty’/‘sacred civic order’ throughline — school religion as a public-order, not merely devotional, matter.
• XREF: Shows both that Christian-nationalist school prayer was never ecumenical and that divisiveness, not ‘secular liberals,’ ended it. — connects to: Disgust with theological warfare turned able men toward secular learning and science. — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1937; A religion’s violence depends on context, not inherent character; French secularism and anti-Catholic school history predate and complicate anti-Muslim motivations. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 613 (+2 more)

Broader Connections

• Disgust with theological warfare turned able men toward secular learning and science. #corroborates (0.82) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1937
• Weariness from religious wars fostered the growth of religious toleration and liberalism. #corroborates (0.78) — Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1935
• French secularism and anti-Catholic school history predate and complicate anti-Muslim motivations. #exemplifies (0.75) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 613
• The question is which religious part causes conflict, not whether religion does #qualifies (0.74) — Norenzayan, Ara, Big gods - how religion transformed…, 516
• A religion’s violence depends on context, not inherent character #qualifies (0.72)