Violence in unequal relations is frequently carried out by subordinates, not hated enemies

Evidence

Even more puzzling for the Allportian argument, much violence against subordinates in unequal social relations is carried out by subordinates themselves ( Jackman, 2001), either as the delegated henchmen for punitive actions initiated by dominants or as the self-appointed agents of injuries inflicted against themselves or their children. … Examples of self-inflicted injuries committed by subordinates without any direct intervention by dominants include women’s zealous participation in many Western beauty practices from nineteenthcentury corsets to contemporary liposuction and starvation dieting, the crippling practice of Chinese foot-binding (which women perpetuated devotedly for about 10 centuries until the early twentieth century), female genital mutilation imposed on over 130 million daughters by their mothers in about two dozen African countries today, and the exposure of children to harsh, life-threatening work by their low-income parents throughout history and in many countries today (Jackman, 2001). — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 657 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Ordinary people become destructive agents through duty, not hostility — Leonard S. Newman and Ralph Erber (eds.), Understanding Genocide: The Social…, 606; Dominants delegate punitive violence to members of the targeted group; Subordinates inflict severe self-injury without any dominant intervention (+8 more)

Broader Connections

• Subordinates themselves carry out much violence against their own group #expands (0.92) — , Rudman, Laurie A - On the Nature of…, 657