US naturalization law forced returning émigré scholars onto a three-year residency clock

Evidence

But in 1952 the three years he was allowed, as a naturalized American citizen, to spend continuously in his country of birth ran out. If he did not either travel to a third country or return to live in the United States for a time, he would lose his United States citizenship. Horkheimer, as rector of Frankfurt University, had managed to have an `individual law’ passed allowing him to remain in his country of birth continuously for five years. For Adorno, as an ordinary citizen, no such exception was made. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 480

Categorization

• SHARE: The absurd specificity of Horkheimer getting a bespoke ‘individual law’ passed while Adorno got nothing is a perfect detail for someone who tracks how legal rules bend around status.
• XREF: connects to: Naturalization timing disputes recur because citizenship changes electoral composition — Daryl Levinson and Benjamin I. Sachs, Political Entrenchment and Public Law, 319; The exiled theorists hedged their return by retaining American citizenship — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 431
• yield-rescued: below the book’s yield-target cutoff, included anyway for connecting to: Naturalization timing disputes recur because citizenship changes electoral composition — Daryl Levinson and Benjamin I. Sachs, Political Entrenchment and Public Law, 319; The exiled theorists hedged their return by retaining American citizenship — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 431

Broader Connections

• The exiled theorists hedged their return by retaining American citizenship #complicates (0.78) — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 431