US imperial wars abroad drive the racial exclusion of Arab Americans at home.
Evidence
Arab American studies scholars Elaine Hagopian, Nadine Naber, Louise Cainkar, and others have written about the ways in which anti-Arab racism operates through a transnational frame whereby empire targets Arabs living inside the United States when it goes to war in the MENA region. Cainkar states that “once marginally white, and thus structurally privileged even if ideologically impugned, Arab Americans became racially excluded from whiteness in a later-emerging US American project: global US empire.” Naber traces the journey of Arab Americans from “model minority” to “problem minority.” Moreover, they have also argued that US support of Israel’s settler colonial project plays an important role in how Arab Americans are treated inside the United States. — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 236
If black Muslims were racialized as security threats by the FBI, Arab Americans were included into this framework starting in the late 1960s. Arab American studies scholars Elaine Hagopian, Nadine Naber, Louise Cainkar, and others have written about the ways in which anti-Arab racism operates through a transnational frame whereby empire targets Arabs living inside the United States when it goes to war in the MENA region. Cainkar states that “once marginally white, and thus structurally privileged even if ideologically impugned, Arab Americans became racially excluded from whiteness in a later-emerging US American project: global US empire.” Naber traces the journey of Arab Americans from “model minority” to “problem minority.” — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 248
Categorization
- XREF: Connects to the ‘transnational frame’ of empire; parallels the Black Muslim case. Extends prior framing of Islamophobia as empire-driven. — connects to: Arab Americans’ racial exclusion from whiteness tracks the rise of US global empire — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 248; US wars abroad activate racial borders that target domestic minorities — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 536; US wars abroad activate an internal racial border against domestic enemy-representatives — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 548 (+10 more)
- corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 236; Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 248
Broader Connections
- Arab Americans’ racial exclusion from whiteness tracks the rise of US global empire
#corroborates(0.95) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 248 - US wars abroad activate racial borders that target domestic minorities
#corroborates(0.90) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 536 - US wars abroad activate an internal racial border against domestic enemy-representatives
#corroborates(0.90) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 548 - US empire excluded Arab Americans from their prior marginal whiteness
#corroborates(0.90) - US empire-building abroad drives anti-Muslim racism domestically
#corroborates(0.88) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 1072 - US imperialism abroad and domestic counterterrorism form one interconnected racial system
#expands(0.88) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 22 - Foreign wars drive domestic racialization of perceived enemy populations
#corroborates(0.85) - Foreign wars redraw internal racial borders that target domestic civilians of enemy descent
#corroborates(0.85) — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, 548 - American imperialism, Orientalism, coercive assimilation, and White supremacy jointly produce racialized Muslim categories
#expands(0.82) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 80 - US foreign policy reframed Arab resistance to hegemony as racial terrorism
#expands(0.80) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 607 - Both domestic immigration and international conflict shape American racialization
#qualifies(0.75) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 351 - US presidents racialized Arabs as incapable of understanding freedom
#exemplifies(0.75) - Arabs had to litigate their whiteness to gain US citizenship
#qualifies(0.70) — Moustafa Bayoumi, How Does It Feel to Be a Problem? Being…, 978