US bases on Puerto Rico and Okinawa form colonial relationships that impoverish both islands.

Evidence

On the other hand, linking the Puerto Ricans and Okinawans was inadvertently apt. Both cases sadly illustrate how an occupation by U.S. bases and troops works as part of a larger colonial relationship, impoverishing the occupied land and shaping many of the very real social problems found on both islands. — David Vine, Base Nation_ How U.S. Military Bases…, 835

Categorization

• XREF: Parallels Vance’s ‘Base Nation’ thesis about how basing colonizes host territories — connects to the reader’s broader research into bases as de facto colonialism.