Uprooted masses occupied a stateless position analogous to the Jews

Evidence

It is true enough that this Jewish attitude, this, as it were, Jewish brand of tribal nationalism, had been the result of the abnormal position of the Jews in modern states, outside the pale of society and nation. But the position of these shifting ethnic groups, who became conscious of their nationality only through the example of other—Western—nations, and later the position of the uprooted masses of the big cities, which racism mobilized so efficiently, was in many ways very similar. They too were outside the pale of society, and they too were outside the political body of the nation-state which seemed to be the only satisfactory political organization of peoples. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 609

Categorization

• XREF: Bridges to the reader’s scaffold on colonial psychology and the condition of being outside the nation-state form; foreshadows the ‘right to have rights’ argument that later Islamophobia readings build on. — connects to: Empty collective rituals were a groping anticipation of mass deportations — Theodor W. Adorno, Minima Moralia: Reflections from…, 162