Universalist emancipationism prized Jews as a collective, not as individuals

Evidence

“I love the Jews really only en masse; en détail I rather avoid them,” he stood of course in open opposition to the prevailing fashion, which favored individual Jews and despised the Jewish people. A true democrat, he wanted to liberate an oppressed people and not bestow privileges upon individuals. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 128

Categorization

• XREF: Inverts the usual assimilation-liberal portrait; connects to Arendt’s running theme that humane principles can coexist with personal aversion, anticipating the abstraction of the victim in later totalitarian analysis.