Unequal exchange drained $152 trillion from the Global South since 1960

Evidence

Capitalism is not a dispassionate system of exchange. It is premised on cruel, racialized, long-term asymmetries of power, such as the aggressive, escalating exploitation of the Global South by the Global North. “Drain,” or the unequal exchange of resources that is compelled by the Global North via geopolitical pressure and financial engineering, has totaled 62 trillion from 1960 to 2018, or 152 trillion if lost growth is included, an unimaginable scale of deprivation and violence. — Andrew deWaard, Derivative Media, 61

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s other reading on settler colonialism and extraction as systematic structures; lays groundwork for finance-to-artifact causality by establishing the scale of extractive capital flows.
• QUESTION: How is the 152 trillion lost-growth figure estimated relative to the 62 trillion direct drain? Worth chasing the methodology if cited in an essay.