Turkish secularism was only sustained by repeated military intervention.

Evidence

The assumed secularism of the new Turkish Republic and its hegemony over the state has been challenged repeatedly and saved only by the interference of the military. During the late 1990s the Islamist challenge to the hegemony of the secular state was successful and they in fact took over power for a few short months. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3478

Categorization

• QUESTION: This claims the Islamist challenge ‘took over power’ in the late 1990s — which specific episode is this, the Welfare Party (Erbakan, 1996-97)? Worth chasing to confirm the account.