Translators’ word choices reveal hostile preconceptions about Islam.

Evidence

Descriptions of the faflil often betray the preoccupations of the authors. … Ricoldo preferred to use the pejorative cognosco, to stress the sexual side at the expense of the legal. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 771

Categorization

• XREF: Dovetails with Aziz’s and Anidjar’s claims that descriptive vocabulary about Muslim practices encodes political hostility.