Threat produces similar authoritarian effects at individual and group levels

Evidence

Threats directed at individual group members would be expected to evoke emotions tied to a concern for the self (e.g., for one’s personal security or self-image), such as fear and vulnerability. Threats directed at the group as a whole, by contrast, would be expected to evoke emotions tied to a concern for the welfare of the group (e.g., for the group’s resources and reputation), such as anger, resentment, and collective guilt. Supporting this idea, research has shown that different types of threat trigger different types of emotions. For instance, perceived threats to the ingroup’s property and economic resources (a realistic group threat) induce selfreported anger, whereas perceived threats to physical safety (a form of realistic individual threat) induce self-reported fear (Cottrell & Neuberg, 2005). — Walter G. Stephan, Oscar Ybarra, Kimberly Rios Morrison, Intergroup Threat Theory, 19 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim
• XREF: connects to: Anticipatory status threat directly shifts reported political identity toward conservatism. — Maureen A. Craig and Jennifer A. Richeson, On the Precipice of a…, 69; Liberal and conservative participants responded similarly to demographic threat — Maureen A. Craig and Jennifer A. Richeson, On the Precipice of a…, 106; Group-level threats trigger bias even absent direct threat to the self. — Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup…, 28 (+14 more)

Broader Connections

• Individual threat evokes fear while group threat evokes anger #complicates (0.72) — Walter G. Stephan, Oscar Ybarra, Kimberly Rios Morrison, Intergroup Threat Theory, 19